![]() Reviewing these categories in the light of the justifications for the Free Speech Principle, I will argue that category (1) is uncovered by the Principle, categories (2) and (3) are covered but unprotected, and that category (4) is protected speech. I distinguish four main categories of hate speech, namely (1) targeted vilification, (2) diffuse vilification, (3) organised political advocacy for exclusionary and/or eliminationist policies, and (4) other assertions of fact or value which constitute an adverse judgment on an identifiable racial or religious group. I therefore propose to disaggregate hate speech into various categories which are analysed in turn. I suggest that ‘hate speech’ is too broad a designation to be usefully analysed as a single category, since it includes many different kinds of speech acts, each of which involves very different kinds of free speech interests, and may cause very different kinds of harm. I ask if this Principle includes speech acts which might broadly be termed ‘hate speech’, where ‘includes’ is sensitive to the distinction between coverage and protection, and between speech that is regulable and speech that should be regulated. I take it that liberal justice recognises special protections against the restriction of speech and expression this is what I call the Free Speech Principle. For these reasons, the Article warns that inserting human dignity into the realm of free speech justifications may be analogous to inserting a "Trojan Horse," with human dignity as "the enemy from within." In this paper, elementary theory of games is used to study the interactions between a government and a minority group within the society that the govern. Thus, unintentionally, advocates of free speech may actually promote ajustification that eventually will lead to speech restriction. Current American scholarship regarding dignity as a free speech justification neglects to recognize the harms of such discourse in a non-American setting, as well as in the United States. This Article combines theoretical and comparative analyses to demonstrate why European and other Western democracies are more susceptible to the use of human dignity, both in their constitutional doctrines and as a speech-restrictive term. As a matter of principle, the nexus between freedom of speech and human dignity should be construed as inherently contentious. This Article also demonstrates why articulations of the rationales behind the argument from dignity are either superfluous, since they are aptly covered by the argument from autonomy, or simply too broad and speech-restrictive to be considered free speech justifications. Jacqui Alexander, 1997) and Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism (edited with Ann Russo and. This possible outcome makes human dignity inadequate as a free speech justification. Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures (edited with M. The articulation of free speech in human dignity terms carries unwarranted potential consequences that may result in limiting free speech rather than protecting it. This handbook will be of interest to students and scholars across the social sciences and humanities.This Article challenges the use of human dignity as an independent free speech justification. This book offers new ways to think about what is absent/present and why, how erasure works in historical and contemporary theoretical accounts of the complexity of lived experiences of race and gender, and how, as new issues arise, intersectionalities (re)emerge in the politics of race and gender. This handbook unravels the complexities of the global and local entanglements of race, gender and intersectionality within racial capitalism in times of #MeToo, #BlackLivesMatter, the Chilean uprising, Anti-Muslim racism, backlash against trans and queer politics, and global struggles against modern colonial femicide and extractivism. Contributors chart intersectional and decolonial perspectives on race and gender research across North America, Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean, and South Africa, centering theoretical understandings of how these categories are imbricated and how they operate and mean individually and together.
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